RESUMO
Our study examined the disaggregation of inflation components in Nigeria using the stacked ensemble approach, a machine learning algorithm capable of compensating the weakness of an ensemble and a base learner with the strength of another. This approach gives flexibility of a synergistic performance of stacking each base learner and produces a formidable model that yields a high level of accuracy and predictive ability. We analyzed the test data, out-of-sample, and our analyses reveals a robust inflation prediction results. In particular, we show that food CPI is the most important driver for headline urban, and rural inflation while bread and cereals is the most important driver for food inflation in Nigeria. Also, biscuits, agric rice, garri white were found to be among the top main drivers of bread and cereal inflation. Our study further shows that some components of the CPI baskets that majorly drive inflation were assigned lower weights. Hence, attention to CPI weights only, without recourse to understanding the tipping source, may undermined a successful control of inflation in Nigeria. Tracing and tracking the source of inflation to the least sub-component will help resolve inflation problem. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43546-022-00384-2.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Postmortem examination is necessary to diagnose the cause of sudden death, and family caregivers are expected to consent to this examination. This study assessed knowledge, attitude, practices and willingness of family caregivers to consent to postmortem examination of their relative if they die suddenly in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study of family caregivers of our patients that completed an interviewer administered semistructured questionnaire assessing their knowledge, attitude, practices and willingness to consent to postmortem examination of their relative if they die suddenly. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: A total of 224 caregivers were interviewed. The mean age (SD) was 34.95 (11.74), ranging 22-75 years. They were parents (32.6%), siblings (37.9%), spouses (11.2%) and other relatives (18.3%). Only 17% had adequate knowledge, 44.6% positive attitude and 11.2% good practices to postmortem examination of sudden death. The majority (75.9%) would consent to postmortem examination of their relatives if they die suddenly. Sociodemographic variables associated with willingness to consent to postmortem examination after relative's sudden death include being male (AOR 3.61; 95%CI 3.09-8.92; p=0.001), having tertiary education (AOR 4.83; 95%CI 1.01-8.29; p=0.034), Christianity (AOR 2.59; 95%CI 1.25-5.35; p=0.010) and skilled worker (AOR 1.43; 95%CI 1.33-3.80; p=0.020). CONCLUSION: Some family caregivers would not consent to postmortem examination of their relatives when they die suddenly. Sensitization programs targeting family caregivers are necessary to increase knowledge and enhance prevention of sudden death as well as improve willingness to consent to postmortem examination when their relatives die suddenly.
